galbana and Isochrysis sp., to increase their growth and survival rates, and hence the productivity of this clam species. chinensis larvae should include more than one species of microalga, particularly I. lutheri exhibited low growth and survival rates. However, larvae restricted to a diet containing only P. also exhibited high growth and survival rates. For breeding Jeju hen clams, we found that the optimal water temperature and salinity for larval rearing were 22 ☌ and 30–35 psu, respectively. chinensis larvae had the highest daily growth and survival rate of 10.3 μm and 75.5%, respectively, at a salinity of 30 practical salinity units (psu). The larvae exhibited the lowest growth (149.3 μm shell length) at 17 ☌. chinensis larvae reared at higher temperatures experienced higher growth but lower survival rates, reaching shell lengths of >220 μm at 15 days after hatching. We tested analogous seawater temperature conditions specific to the Jeju coastal environment: 17, 22, 27 and 32 ☌. The average seawater temperature ranges between 19 and 22 ☌ during the summer season. This study mostly explored the effects of environment and food diversity (microalgal species) on the growth and survival of M. First, we assume that the findings of this study are based on the specific environmental situations and conditions of Jeju Island. This pioneering study aimed to explore the effect of the environment on M. However, the most endangered of such species, Mactra chinensis, currently inhabits only a few villages on Jeju Island. Historically, various types of shellfish inhabited the Jeju area to the extent that large mounds of shells were found.
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